衡阳市区和衡山背景站臭氧浓度变化规律的对比分析

选取衡阳市区和衡山背景站臭氧自动监测数据,分析两地的臭氧污染特征。对空气质量的优良率情况、臭氧作为首要污染物的变化情况、臭氧浓度的日变化特征、典型时段的浓度变化特征、臭氧浓度的月际变化特征和臭氧与PM_(2.5)的关联情况等进行了分析。结果表明,多云及阴雨天气时,衡阳市区的臭氧浓度日变化幅度大于衡山背景站。夏季,衡阳市区和衡山背景站的臭氧浓度的日变化特征规律差异较大,臭氧浓度分布比较分散,前者为典型的单峰形,后者则波动平缓。冬季,日变化幅度不大,但衡阳市区的臭氧浓度明显低于衡山背景站。衡山背景站和衡阳市区的臭氧基本同步变化,但日均值高于衡阳市区。     

The application of system dynamics in different practices of a waste management system

The continuous increase in waste generation warrants global management of waste to reduce the adverse economic, social, and environmental impact of waste while achieving goals for sustainability. The complexity of waste management systems due to different waste management practices renders such systems difficult to analyze. System dynamics (SD) approach aids in conceptualizing and analyzing the structure, interactions, and mode of behavior of the complex systems. The impact of the underlying components can therefore be assessed in an integrated way while the impact of possible policies on the system can be studied to implement appropriate decisions. This review summarizes various applications of SD pertinent to the waste management practices in different countries. Practices may include waste generation, reduction, reuse/recovery, recycling, and disposal. Each study supports regional-demanding targets in environmental, social, and economic scopes such as expanding landfill life span, implementing proper disposal fee, global warming mitigation, energy generation/saving, etc. The interacting variables in the WMS are specifically determined based on the defined problem, ultimate goal, and the type of waste. Generally, population and gross domestic product can increase the waste generation. An increase in waste reduction, source separation, and recycling rate could decrease the environmental impact, but it is not necessarily profitable from an economic perspective. Incentives to separate waste and knowledge about waste management are variables that always have a positive impact on the entire system.

     

武汉地区夏季和秋冬季大气污染的天气概念模型

利用2013～2019年武汉市生态环境局监测数据、L波段雷达探空资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对夏季和秋冬季武汉地区污染日的大气污染特征、边界层结构、环流形势、物理量场进行研究,建立了武汉地区大气污染的天气概念模型.主要结论如下:(1)武汉市空气质量具有季节性变化特征,大气污染程度四季分布表现为冬＞秋＞春＞夏.夏季首要污染物是臭氧,冬季首要污染物是PM2.5.(2)比较挑选出的夏季清洁日和污染日的气象要素特征,污染日逆温的平均强度约为清洁日的一倍,逆温底高一般在600 m以下,空气质量一般为轻度-中度污染;静风频率(37.1％)明显高于清洁日的静风频率(2.9％);污染日平均风速小(0.8 m/s),边界层内相对湿度较低.同样比较秋冬季两类天气的气象要素特征,污染日逆温底高低、厚度小,不及清洁日的一半,不利于污染物的扩散,易出现重度污染天气.静风频率(20％)高于清洁日的静风频率(7.5％),风速小(1.6 m/s),污染日边界层内呈明显上千下湿的格局.(3)建立了夏季大气污染的天气概念模型,污染日副高偏弱位置偏东,长江流域易少雨干旱;地面我国东部大范围地区处于均压场中,武汉地区为偏东北异常小风,不利于大气污染物的扩散.(4)建立了秋冬季大气污染的天气概念模型,长江流域环流平直少波动,配合地面弱低压的天气形势和较强的逆温使得大气污染物聚集在近地面.蒙古冷高压强度偏弱,使得入侵我国的冷空气强度偏弱;武汉地区为偏北小风,对雾霾的移除和稀释扩散作用差.该研究结论可供大气污染预测预警研究和环境管理部门大气污染的联防联控参考.     

A combined radical and non-radical oxidation processes for efficient degradation of Acid Orange 7 in the homogeneous Cu(II)/PMS system: important role of chloride

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace copper ion (Cu(II)) in water and wastewater can trigger peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to oxidize organic compounds, but it only works under...     

Comparison of different sequential extraction procedures for mercury fractionation in polluted soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Three sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), modified Tessier, modified BCR, and CIEMAT, were compared for mercury fractionation in polluted soils....     

Special issue on contamination,remediation and health for pollutants in natural aquatic,soil, sediments and atmospheric environments

Environmental Geochemistry and Health -     

Heat dissipation characteristic in the intake grille and radiator of a fuel cell vehicle

ABSTRACT

In this study, a three-dimension (3D) computational model was proposed to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the intake grilles of two different fuel cell vehicles. The models of the intake grilles were constructed according to the actual sizes of two vehicles, namely, Roewe 950 and Toyota Mirai, considering the heat dissipation unit to simplify the heat transfer model of the vehicle. The results showed that relative to Roewe 950, Mirai intake air flow rate was approximately 10% higher, the heat transfer capacity was approximately 7% higher, and the intake grille area was larger. The coolant outlet temperature of Mirai was lower than that of Roewe 950, which was beneficial for the long term and stable operation of a fuel cell. This comparative study provided guidance for the intake grille and radiator design of fuel cell vehicles. The only difference between fuel cell vehicles on the market and conventional vehicles was that in the former, the internal combustion engine was replaced with a fuel cell stack, which had insufficient heat transfer capacity because of the reducing temperature difference. Increasing the intake grille area and the heat exchange capacity of the radiator were the key issues for the development of fuel cell vehicles. In this study, an optimal window opening angle of the radiator fin of 23° provided a maximal heat transfer coefficient.     

珠江口表层水中多环芳烃的分布特征及健康风险评估

分别于2015年2、5、8、11月在珠江八大入海口采集表层水体样品,应用固相萃取富集法对该区域表层水体中16种USEPA优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的时空分布特征进行分析,并利用终生致癌风险增量模型(ILCR)对该区域的饮水健康风险进行评价。结果表明:珠江口4个季度所采集的水样中,∑15PAHs的浓度范围为18.0~50.3 ng/L,含量处于中等水平。其中7种强致癌性∑7PAHs的浓度范围为1.53~3.73 ng/L,占∑15PAHs的5.89%~11.1%,∑15PAHs和∑7PAHs在枯水期(2、11月)样品中明显高于丰水期(5、8月)。就组成特征而言,各采样点PAHs以3、4环为主。珠江口表层水中非致癌类PAHs的危害商数值为0.99×10~(-5)~2.73×10~(-5),远低于USEPA规定的阈值(1);致癌类PAHs产生的健康风险为6.50×10~(-8)~2.37×10~(-7),其中Ba P导致的饮水途径健康风险最高,所有点位致癌类PAHs的健康风险均低于USEPA推荐的对致癌物质最大可接受风险水平(10~(-6)),表明珠江口表层水中PAHs尚不具备严重的致癌风险,但是仍然存在潜在的健康风险,需要重点控制和管理。     

氨废水资源化利用的折流式超重力床集成技术

利用折流式超重力床将氨废水处理的精馏和吸收过程集成在一台设备中,开发出一种设备小型化、流程紧凑的氨废水资源化利用集成技术。与传统技术相比,该技术在大幅节省占地面积和空间的同时,还可大幅节约设备建设所用钢材。工业规模试验结果表明,不同浓度的氨废水经该技术处理后可转化为氨质量分数大于22%的氨水资源,处理出水中氨氮质量浓度低于8.2 mg/L,尾气中未检测到氨,处理结果优于GB 31573—2015《无机化学工业污染物排放标准》。     

基于探索性数据分析的汉丰湖富营养化驱动因子研究

为了探究汉丰湖富营养化驱动因子和营养状况，基于2014年水质监测数据，应用探索性数据分析方法初步研究了汉丰湖水动力条件与环境因子的相关性、水质主成分、相关环境因子熵权和营养健康指数。回归分析结果表明：水位与透明度呈正相关，流量与DO呈负相关，与流速呈负相关的因子为Chla、CODMn、NH+4-N和DTP；主成分分析提取的3个主成分分别反映了营养盐、有机污染以及藻类信息；DO、TN和TP的熵权表明汉丰湖水体的富营养状况受制于耗氧有机污染和氮、磷营养盐；营养健康指数S1>S3>S6（湖心）>S7（湖尾）>S5（湖首）>S4>S2。汉丰湖水体营养状况介于中营养到轻富营养，其中南河营养状态较高，湖心营养程度高于湖首和湖尾。减少有机污染物、营养盐的输入和改善局部水域的水动力条件可抑制藻类生长，有利于防治富营养化。 关键词： 探索性数据分析；汉丰湖；富营养化；驱动因子；水动力条件；主成分；熵权；营养健康指数